Basic Computer Knowledge Vol-1

COMPUTER FULL FORM - 

C- COMMON
O- OPERATING
M- Machine
P- Particularly
U- Used for
T- Technical and
E -Educational
R- Research

What is computer?

A computer is a very versatile electronic machine.

Their presence is felt in almost every aspect of life be it every organization.

There are two types of computer-

Analog

Digital

Analog computer: Analog computer handles information of a physical nature. For finance, temperature, pressure, etc.

Digital computer: Digital computer process information which is essentially in a binary, namely, zero and one. They fall into different range called micro-computer, minicomputer, mainframes and supercomputer, which can be further classified in ascending order of size-small, medium, large and very large.

Main characteristics of computer-

Faster calculation speed and information storage,

Ability to take variety of instruction,

Carry out computations accurately.

Anatomy of a computer-

Central processing unit (CPU)

Input unit

Output unit

Storage devices

Communication Interface

CPU: CPU is the brain of computer. The CPU constitutes the main memory, control unit and arithmetic logic unit. The major parts of a CPU are:

1. Primary or main memory
2. Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
3. Control unit

Inputting: refers to process of entering data in to the computer with the help of, an input device.

Input devices

Mouse

Joystick

Trackball

Touch screen

Outputting: Refers to the process of showing the information to the user either on screen (monitor) or on paper (through printer)

Storing: Refers to the storage of data and instructions in the computer’s main memory, for manipulations.

Hardware: The physical components of a computer are known as hardware.

What is operating system?

Operating system is an interface between user application and hardware.it is an system software.

Definition of system software

1.Translate user commands

2.Provides interface between input/output units

3.Executes application such as word processer.

Linux operating system

Linux is a multiuser, multitasking operating system. Developed by Linus benedict Torvalds in the year 1991.

Linux is a 32-bit operating system, run on the wide variety of platforms, such as Intel, spar ,alpha etc.

Basic Linux elements

Kernel: The kernel is the core of Linux system and is loaded in to the memory as soon as the system starts up.it manages main memory, files.

Maintaining the date and time, launching application, and allocating system resources are also function  of this part of the operating system.

Shell: Shell is a program which interprets commands given by the user command can be either typed in through the command line

Some Important questions and answers

1) Hard disk is which type of disk?

Magnetic disk

2) Which drive contains program files?

C drive

3) Which device scans only text?

OCR (optical character reader)

4) How many primary partitions can be created?

Four

5) Which memory is nearest to CPU?

Registers

6) Full form of LCD is?

Liquid crystal display

7) Disk requires …………….for usage?

Formatting

8) Ctrl +shift+Esc are used for?

Task manager

9) How many keys do a standard keyboard?

104 keys

10) Operating system performs the function?

To manage the memory and process

11) Which of the following devices can be used to input printed text?

OCR

12) Add , subtract, divide, multiply and logic operations are performed by: ALU

13) Main memory stores: Data, program, and results or any other kind of information

14) A smart terminal is one which: Has in- built processer capability

15) A laser printer uses: Photo – sensitive drum

16) A plotter is: An output device to produce drawing and graphics

17) In a hard disk, the 0 track is: The outermost

18) A CD-ROM  is: An optical rom

19) Software designed for a specific purpose is known as: Application software

20) A language translate is best described as: System software

21) A floppy disk is organized as : Tracks and sectors

22) The errors that can be pointed out by the compiler: Syntax errors

23)  An open  source operating system: Linux

24) Laser printer resolution is specified in terms of: DPI

25)  1 kilobits is: 1024 bits

26)  LILO is used for: Multiboot  

 27) GUI is used an interface between : Software and user

28) File extensions indicate only graphic files: BMP and GIF

 True and false type questions

1.User can manage disk partition even after windows installation. True

2.Disk defragmentation occupies space to create problems in hard disk. False

3.Red hat is a Linux distribution. True

4.Attrib command in DOS used for list the folders.  False

5.Micro processer and micro controller are same. False

6.Files contains folder. False

7.CPU stores data and programs. False

8.ROM contains BIOS firmware. True

9.CD/DVD is an optical disk. True

Some Important  words in computer

Function: a built in formula that performs a specialized calculation.

a built in formula that performs a specialized calculation.

Account: a form of access to a computer or network for a specific user name and password usually with a home directory, an e-mail in box, and set of access privilege.

Algorithm: a sequence of precise and unambiguous instruction for solving a program in a finite number of operations.

Alignment: The placement of text along the left margin, right margin, or both.

ALU:  Arithmetic logic unit performs all mathematical and logical operation.

Analog computer:  A computer that operates on data which is in form of continuously variable physical quantities, such as electrical current.

Animation: A set of images, picture, or drawing displayed in sequence to imply movement.

Applications: Specific uses of a program, with words.

Archive: Backup storage, usually a secondary storage medium such as a mass storage device that operates on semi direct access and sequential principals.

AI (artificial intelligence) : A branch of computer science that deals with computer that possess reasoning ,learning ,and thinking capabilities that resemble those of human being.

ASCII (American standard code for information interchange): A standard coding system for computers.

Assembler: A program that translate mnemonic statements into executable instructions.

Auxiliary storage: Often referred to as secondary storage that supplements the primary internal storage of a computer.

Backup: Alternate facilities of programs, data files, hardware equipment etc. that are used in case the original one is destroyed, lost, or fail to operate.

Barcode: A coding structure in which characters are represented by means of a series of parallel bars.

Benchmark: In the electronic information disciplines, a benchmark is an established performance standard for processing data, against which new equipment and software can be evaluated.